AI and school: shadows and lights

Abstract

This text explores the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and school, analyzing both the opportunities and the pedagogical, ethical, and social critical issues. The author reflects on the essential  role of the school in shaping aware and responsible citizens in the digital age, where AI has become a structural element of the onlife society. Through law  and theoretical references (including Cambi and Pinto Minerva, Floridi, Harari, among others), and by outlining the different phases of AI literacy (cognitive, operational, critical, and ethical), the text invites teachers to overcome fears and resistance, embracing a critical and creative use of generative tools in the classroom. Crucial themes such as privacy, disinformation, bias, the predictability of systems, and the risk of eroding individual accountability are addressed, highlighting the need for an educational approach that can reconcile innovation and humanism.